Titration Curve Explorer
Move through an acid-base titration and watch the curve respond. Compare the initial pH, buffer region, half-equivalence point, and equivalence point instead of memorizing them as disconnected rules.
Ideal dilute aqueous model at 25 °C, with additive volumes and activities approximated by concentrations. The curve solves acid/base mass balance, charge balance and water autoionization throughout; buffer shortcuts are teaching approximations.
Want the underlying concepts first? Read the titration-curves lesson.
Choose a titration
Each example uses 25.00 mL of a 0.100 M analyte and a 0.100 M titrant.
CH₃COO⁻
Live curve
25.00 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid · 0.100 M NaOH
Before equivalence
Use the excess strong species when one is present; a weak-acid/strong-base titration becomes a buffer after base is added.
Half-equivalence
For a weak acid titrated with strong base, pH = pKₐ because acid and conjugate base concentrations are equal.
After equivalence
Excess titrant controls the pH for strong titrants; weak-base systems form a conjugate-acid/base buffer.